Asia · Central Asia
Capital: Ashgabat
Turkmenistan
Explore the facts and rankings that shape Turkmenistan in Country Blitz, from its population and economy to its military, innovation, manufacturing, and neighboring countries.
Country Blitz power profile
Overall rank #122
Turkmenistan's Country Blitz power profile compares population, GDP, military expenditure, research-and-development spending, and manufacturing output across every playable country. A lower numerical rank represents a stronger position in that category.
Population
7.6M
#103 of 196
48th percentile
2025 · World Bank WDI / UN population sources
View data source ↗GDP (Nominal)
$49.83B
#95 of 196
52nd percentile
2025 · World Bank WDI
View data source ↗Military Expenditure
$111.9M
#142 of 196
28th percentile
1999 · SIPRI via World Bank WDI
View data source ↗R&D Spending
$35.1M
#111 of 196
44th percentile
2023 · UNESCO UIS and World Bank WDI
View data source ↗Manufacturing Output
$1.40B
#136 of 196
31st percentile
2004 · World Bank WDI
View data source ↗Quick facts
- Capital
- Ashgabat
- Region
- Asia
- Subregion
- Central Asia
- Country code
- TKM
- Neighbors
- AfghanistanIranKazakhstanUzbekistan
Three interesting facts
Turkmenistan shares land borders with 4 countries: Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.
Turkmenistan spans roughly 488,100 square kilometers, placing it around 52nd by area in this factbook.
Turkmenistan’s position in Central Asia places it within a distinctive network of regional trade routes and migration paths.
Geography
Turkmenistan on the map
Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan. Its terrain is flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south, low mountains along border with Iran, borders Caspian Sea in west. The climate is subtropical desert. In area, the country is slightly more than three times the size of Georgia, slightly larger than California.
Economy
Economic profile
Turkmenistan's economy is characterized by upper-middle-income Central Asian economy, houses fourth-largest natural gas reserves and rich in natural resources, authoritarian and dominated by state-owned enterprises, challenges include overvalued currency, high inflation risks, lack of economic diversification due to heavy state control and bureaucracy. Major industries include natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing. Important agricultural products include milk, wheat, potatoes, cotton, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes, barley, beef, lamb/mutton (2023). Notable exports include natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, crude petroleum, electricity (2023).
Demographics
People and population
Turkmenistan has an estimated population of 7,057,841. Language and cultural traditions vary across Turkmenistan. The population includes Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.). The urban population represents 54% of total population (2023).
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